Table 5. Cyanogenic glycosides and other likely defensive chemicals found in Passiflora at La Selva
Passiflora subgeneric grouping
Astrophea/Decaloba
Passiflora
Passiflora species*
PIT
LOB
COR
AUR
BI
ARB
COS
VIT
AMB
QUA
MEN
OER
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**Cyanide release (0, Low, Medium, High, Very High)
VH
no
enzyme?
L
L
M
VH
VH
no
enzyme?
H
H
VH
no
enzyme?
Sulfated Cyclopentenyl
+
+
+
+
+
+
Tetraphyllin B sulfate
?
Epitetraphyllin B sulfate
?
Passicoccin
stems?
Epipassicoccin
stems?
Passilaurifolin
?
Complex Cyclopentenyl
+
+
+
Passibiflorin
?
Epipassibiflorin
?
Passicoriacin
Epipassicoriacin
Passicapsin
??
Simple Cyclopentenyl
+
+
+
+
Gynocardin
Volkenin
Epivolkenin
Taraktophyllin
Complex Cyanohydrin
Passiquadrangularin
Aliphatic
+
+
+
Linamarin
?
Lotaustralin
?
Aromatic
Prunasin
Other chemicals****
Tannins
?
Harmane alkaloids
?
?
?
?
*Passiflora species abbreviations: VIT=vitifolia; AMB=ambigua;QUA=quadrangularis; MEN=menispermifolia; OER=oerstedii; PIT=pittieri; LOB=lobata; COR=megacoriacea; AUR=auriculata; BI=biflora: ARB=arbelaezii; COS=costaricensis. **HCNrelease data is based on a survey of over 800 samples of Passiflora species. ***Cyanogenic glycoside analysis and identification from Spencer 1988 and Engler and Gilbert 2006; + = cyanogen types listed in Engler and Gilbert 2006. ****other chemicals surveyed in Smiley and Wisdom 1985. BOLD = Passiflora species hosting specialist herbivores